tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post1673487973502039698..comments2024-02-24T18:44:39.324-08:00Comments on Trials & Tribulations: Michael Jackson's Drugs: A Cast of CharactersSprockethttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03837416113512618694noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-35825525286285087492011-01-10T12:46:30.792-08:002011-01-10T12:46:30.792-08:00@Anon - I think the poster meant no deliberate har...@Anon - I think the poster meant no deliberate harm in posting that, but yes it is absurd and i found it rather funny to be honest.QuirkyDianahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08145771709298319223noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-10696336688291650822011-01-10T12:09:56.438-08:002011-01-10T12:09:56.438-08:00Re: "Is it possible that MJ, desperate for sl...Re: "Is it possible that MJ, desperate for sleep, and very ignorant of how drugs worked, methods of administration, etc. "could have" taken a syringe of propofol, already combined with the Lidocaine, and figuring "If it's safe enough to inject into my veins, why not eat the stuff," shoot a syringe full of meds down his own throat? Remember, the bedroom was chaos; there were vials of medication strewn about as haphazardly as used kleenex. There was plenty of stuff found on the nightstand, easily within MJ's reach. KZ has commented on how irresponsible it is to be disorganized when using potent medications."<br /><br />.....You have <i>got</i> to be kidding me - <i>Please</i> tell me this is a joke...<br /><br />I don't know whether to laugh at the absurdity or throw up from disgust at the suggestion of such a ludicrous scenario.<br /><br />Michael may have been a lot of things (eccentric, creative, off-beat, driven, unique) but he was <b>not</b> stupid. <br /><br />He was a voracious reader, had a library with thousands of books and actually had quite a bit of medical knowledge (not that any of this is relevant to realizing that *drinking* an anesthetic is a bad idea...) <br /><br />I'm dumbfounded.<br /><br />As another commenter posted previously:<br /><br /><b>"resuscitative transmural hemorrhage of stomach" from the coroner's report, page 11. </b>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-75805540174103148862011-01-10T10:14:20.455-08:002011-01-10T10:14:20.455-08:00I deleted then amended the following post.
Sorry ...I deleted then amended the following post.<br /><br />Sorry i forgot to add - <br /><br />In a self-injection scenario, the patient obviously has to be awake. If MJ was awake - as Murray suggests - then the benzos were not sedating him. If he injected himself with 100mg propofol at this point, the 'benzodiazepine effect' would be minimal/negligible because he is awake and you stated that 100mg propofol itself would not kill. KZ, is that a fair analysis?QuirkyDianahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08145771709298319223noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-85105342469047169522011-01-10T08:52:58.215-08:002011-01-10T08:52:58.215-08:00If the autopsy blood levels indicate that more tha...If the autopsy blood levels indicate that more than 100mg propofol was administered, and 100mg is the maximum MJ could inject, then that proves that MJ did not self-administer propofol.QuirkyDianahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08145771709298319223noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-87573642724075693282011-01-10T08:36:09.408-08:002011-01-10T08:36:09.408-08:00Regarding the propofol found in Jackson's stom...Regarding the propofol found in Jackson's stomach:<br /><br />According to the toxicology report, the concentration was extremely low. It has been explained to me be a toxicology specialist that this is consistent with the post-mortem diffusion of drugs from the circulatory system to various organs.Filthy Tabloid Trashhttp://www.filthytabloidtrash.comnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-24557705258425671482011-01-10T06:55:59.429-08:002011-01-10T06:55:59.429-08:00QuirkyDianahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08145771709298319223noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-23291292887285942392011-01-10T06:40:01.028-08:002011-01-10T06:40:01.028-08:00Does anyone know if the IV bag Alvarez and Fleak d...Does anyone know if the IV bag Alvarez and Fleak described had a milky liquid in the bottom of the IV bag OR if the milky liquid was in the bottle at the bottom of the IV bag?<br /><br />The long section of IV tubing contained no traces of any drugs. The IV bag also contained no traces of any drugs. The AR mentions that liquid retrieved from the long tubing and IV bag was clear. So if only the short section of tubing was used (this had traces of propofol/lidocaine/flumazenil), how can that be used in a drip situation? If someone could post a diagram of how this might be set up that would be helpful, if indeed it is possible to set up a drip with that.<br /><br />Info taken from the Medical Analysis Summary Report - http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/Celebs/jackson,%20michael_report.pdfQuirkyDianahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08145771709298319223noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-57064849312389123082011-01-09T22:24:24.230-08:002011-01-09T22:24:24.230-08:00First, thank you to those who have directed questi...First, thank you to those who have directed questions to me in response to my earlier comments. It’s hard to answer many of them with definitive yes or no answers, because none of us know with absolute certainty what MJ took (or didn’t take) on his own, what Murray gave him (and when, and using what route and technique), and how MJ’s liver performed in clearing drugs from his system. One thing we do know is that when any individual takes meds repeatedly over time, the cytochrome p450 enzyme system in the liver under goes “induction”, which in simple terms means that the liver (of a healthy person) becomes more efficient at removing drugs (toxins) from circulation. For a drug with a short half life, such as propofol, this means that increasingly more drug is needed for the same effect. This is also called tachyphylaxis, or in lay terms, “tolerance” to meds. (More on this later.)<br /><br />What that means in practical terms is that if I go to anesthetize someone who uses (legally or illegally) any substances regularly (especially including beverage alcohol) that induce the cytochrome p450 system, they will still be talking to me after one “stick” of propofol. (A “stick” of meds is slang term for an appropriate size syringe full of whatever.) A typical stick of propofol is 20cc—that is what most of us have drawn up for general anesthesia induction for healthy adults.<br /> <br />I am not as knowledgeable as some here about the tox screen and lab results from MJ’s autopsy, but I will say that it is my opinion that MJ was no stranger to injected benzodiazepines and propofol. Those alone, in the absence of any other meds, would be sufficient on a daily basis to rev up his liver clearance such that it took increasing amounts of such meds to achieve a therapeutic (ahem: unconscious) state. Not sleep—sleep is different than unconsciousness, btw.<br /><br />To the commenter who said the paramedics left behind the ambu bag—that seems highly unlikely to me. They were coding him as they left the home. He was intubated at that point. They would have removed the mask from the bag, and had the bag attached to the ET tube, squeezing the bag to breathe for him. Paramedics are not likely to leave their ambu bags behind, IMO. Paramedics aren’t panicky or disorganized at these kinds of calls—they are highly trained, highly organized professionals of the highest caliber.<br /><br />IMO, Is 100mg of propofol enough to kill MJ? Nope. Enough to cause respiratory arrest if bolused, on top of a bunch of other meds? Yup. However, a resp arrest in this scenario would have been easily concealed by bagging MJ with O2 until he woke up 10-15 min later. Oh, and supporting his BP, etc. But he would likely have lived. Addicts are actually very hard to kill. Bolus and walk away, say, to make some phone calls? Yup, that is a recipe for disaster.<br /><br />Propofol InfusionTechnique Hypothesis: I think Murray was using “thumb boluses by syringe” in the y-site of the tubing, as well as potentially injecting propofol into the NS bag that was hanging. There was a milky white liquid pooled in the bag bottom reported by someone (the security guard that responded?) Murray also could have been intentionally “retrograding” the y-site bolus up towards the bag, as a poor man’s infusion control technique. To do this, you pinch off the tubing below the y-site, inject the propofol up the tubing, unpinch the tubing, and adjust the roller clamp to drip at whatever rate you want. When this is done, sometimes meds retrograde into the bag near the spike. This is assuming the tubing did not have anti-reflux valves. Retrograding is a very old technique—many IV tubing sets are designed now so this can’t occur. <br /><br />I noted before that no 100ml vials spiked with piggyback tubing were described, so I don’t think that Murray was spiking a bottle and piggybacking it into the NS line to free drip. Even Murray couldn’t be THAT stupid!<br /><br />Hope this helps! Gotta hit the sack!<br />~KZKZnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-50631845882263289722011-01-09T17:12:44.988-08:002011-01-09T17:12:44.988-08:00KZ thankyou for coming on here with your expertise...KZ thankyou for coming on here with your expertise and experience. I should first state that my knowledge of propofol is limited to what i have read from journals. I am not a medical professional, but i have some pertinent questions. Something i want to ask. It seems to be assumed that Murray was 'dripping' propofol. But what about a single injection? Flanagan has stated that approx. 150mg would have to be injected into MJ's body to produce the kind of blood levels seen at autopsy - http://blog.cytalk.com/2010/12/michael-jackson-death-trial-defense-to-claim-pop-star-killed-self/<br /><br />150mg is considered an appropriate induction dose for someone MJ's weight (136lbs). The blood propofol level at autopsy was within the therapeutic range for someone receiving a bolus induction dose. Can we deduce therefore that MJ was not given a dose of propofol that on its own would be considered lethal? If he had received a dose of propofol that was outside what is recommended for MJ’s weight/age, wouldn’t the blood levels fall outside the therapeutic range? This article http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/108/4/1182.full.pdf+html seems to suggest that it is possible for someone to administer an appropriate induction dose of propofol, without any breathing assistance, and still be OK. What is considered to be dangerous is the rapidity of the injection, “A very rapid injection of a normal dose can cause prolonged apnea, extreme hypoxia, and hypotension. Such episodes that would be easily treated in the operating room may be fatal to propofol abusers who wish to commit suicide or to others who accidentally administer propofol too rapidly”. <br /><br />Is it possible that MJ died from either 1) a normal dose of propofol delivered at the correct speed plus benzodiazepine effect, or 2) a normal dose of propofol delivered too rapidly plus benzodiazepine effect? Would you think it was possible for a normal dose (150mg) delivered properly plus the benzo effect to kill someone in this case? <br /><br />It should also be stated that the capacity of each syringe found was 10ml. So the maximum MJ could theoretically inject at any one time is 100mg, which if i’m correct is not enough to kill someone. KZ - Could you confirm that an injection of 100mg propofol (swift or not) plus the benzos that were in MJ’s system would not be sufficient to kill him?<br /><br />Would you also be able to determine if someone with those blood levels of Lorazepam would be sedated? Do you know if it is possible to establish someone’s level of tolerance to benzodiazepines, after they have died? Would hair samples yield any results? <br /><br />Thanks.QuirkyDianahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08145771709298319223noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-91584353052708244982011-01-09T14:08:18.406-08:002011-01-09T14:08:18.406-08:00@ anon 9:28:
I think this is part of the defense&...@ anon 9:28:<br /><br />I think this is part of the defense's theory, which if you really think about it, is a red herring. Point of this whole case is lack of proper use and technique of potent medications that had no place in a home care setting, and a physician abandoning an unconscious patient to go flirt on the phone with a girlfriend.<br /><br />Is it possible that MJ, desperate for sleep, and very ignorant of how drugs worked, methods of administration, etc. "could have" taken a syringe of propofol, already combined with the Lidocaine, and figuring "If it's safe enough to inject into my veins, why not eat the stuff," shoot a syringe full of meds down his own throat? Remember, the bedroom was chaos; there were vials of medication strewn about as haphazardly as used kleenex. There was plenty of stuff found on the nightstand, easily within MJ's reach. KZ has commented on how irresponsible it is to be disorganized when using potent medications.<br /> <br />I defer to KZ regarding the ability of these medications being absorbed in the gut... or if that could be the source of administration of the large dose that Dr. Murray denied giving.CaliGirl9https://www.blogger.com/profile/06639398512708841968noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-73150462737531676532011-01-09T13:27:40.389-08:002011-01-09T13:27:40.389-08:00@Linda: T&T didnt misunderstand..Benoquin, the...@Linda: T&T didnt misunderstand..Benoquin, the cream that contains Hydrochinone was listed seperately. Another question, is it medically possible that excessive use of Benoquin can trigger Vitiligo as a side effect?Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-16363729882923511022011-01-09T12:04:25.815-08:002011-01-09T12:04:25.815-08:00About the propofol in MJ's stomach :
"r...About the propofol in MJ's stomach : <br /><br />"resuscitative transmural hemorrhage of stomach" from the coroner's report, page 11.<br /><br />Would that help ? (I'm not in the medical field)<br /><br />here is a link to the report : http://tmz.vo.llnwd.net/o28/newsdesk/tmz_documents/0208_mj_case_report_wm.pdf<br /><br />Would be happy to read your comments about this reportAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-59548793374331584262011-01-09T10:54:29.619-08:002011-01-09T10:54:29.619-08:00KZ--I have to say that IMO it was Murray who, by a...KZ--I have to say that IMO it was Murray who, by all means, provided the "pharmacy". If you omit the items provided by Murray, almost all of which were IV and could be used on an unconscious patient, even against their will if sedated, then you do not have much left and certainly then I would not call what was found "a pharmacy". Most drugs NOT provided by Murray were not even for sedation, and those benzos listed were for nightly use only (but apparently not used nightly). <br /><br />The levels for Versed and Valium reported were so low that they were no longer pharmacologically active. The only benzo active was Ativan, and at a very, very high level. The level of propofol found was equal to one being sedated for major surgery--totally comatose and needing respiratory assistance.<br /><br />Concerning propofol alone (not considering Ativan) then usually people do not die from bolus injections of propofol, even up to 200 mg. In other words, they do not die from an "overdose". Most people recover from the apnea, if healthy. Most who die from bolus abuse (gathered from reports of deaths from self-injection) die from too rapid of injection leading to almost immediate cardiac collapse and arrest rather than the process in which you described. However, considering the Ativan in place, I do think Michael first went through respiratory depression, then arrest, then cardiac arrest, etc.<br /><br />I am trying to determine if his blue hands and feet could have been from him being hypoxic for sometime, rather than suddenly anoxic, from the massive dose of Ativan in combination with his lung disease. Or, was this something post-mortem?<br /><br />I just wanted to add, Murray had no means to provide Michael with positive airway pressure. The ambu-bag was provided by paramedics. It is appalling that someone, a doctor, would be willing to "treat" a patient with all these meds, without warrant or reason, yet not even be prepared to handle what was basically inevitable--to stop breathing then die.<br /><br />I also wanted to add, the ephedrine was in capsule form, not IV, which I assume IV would be best to use to keep BP up. It seems he was taking it for rehearsals or maybe to combat the effects of the drugs given at night, but taking them in the morning to try and knock that hangover from benzos. The urine actually effects the half-life of ephedrine. Aspirin came back negative on the toxocology screen so I assume it has been some time since Michael took the ephedrine (perhaps the morning of the 24th). I wonder if he knew he was taking this at all--Murray was going down and getting Michael's breakfast and I doubt Michael would be able to obtain this illegal dietary supplement on his own. I figure Murray got it for Michael considering what else he got him and from where, a pharmacy that has already had run-ins with the law. Pretty disgusting that a cardiologist would provide someone with a supplement that causes heart attacks and strokes.<br /><br />I am not sold that Murray was "free-dripping" propofol, at least, not gravity--I think he was bolusing into the small Y tubing, and bolused a lot more than just 25mg, or even 25 mL for that matter. I am still debating on whether he gave the benzos IV or IM.<br /><br />Some say Michael was awake and self-injected. Not only was this physically impossible, but seeing his Ativan levels I say he was sedated heavily, and now hearing what condition that room appeared, I'd think if Michael was awake, he'd ran out.<br /><br />So far only one receipt has surfaced--is there any way to know if Murray ordered this one-time supply in May or what?gatorgirl277https://www.blogger.com/profile/01700536873177629282noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-38499114940558191082011-01-09T10:45:30.821-08:002011-01-09T10:45:30.821-08:00I have a question to the people who are medically ...I have a question to the people who are medically knowledgeable<br /><br />As you know prosecutors are arguing that Murray was on the phone with one of his girlfriends when he discovered Michael in trouble. That girl friend testified that she heard a commotion, mumbling and coughing that didn’t sound like Murray. <br /><br />Assuming the one coughing is Michael what does it mean? Does it mean he was waking up and Murray rushed to give him an injection of Propofol? Or could coughing be sign of being in trouble? or anything else?Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-51358493449465497212011-01-09T10:08:03.439-08:002011-01-09T10:08:03.439-08:00Caligirl9, you are entitled to your views but Mich...Caligirl9, you are entitled to your views but Michael Jackson is not on trial, Conrad Murray is.<br /><br />I do appreciate the reporting from the courthouse and all the work that goes into editing and hope it continues. <br /><br />AnneAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-13411338022017118642011-01-09T09:50:45.454-08:002011-01-09T09:50:45.454-08:00Thank you Sprocket, Caligirl and KZ for a very int...Thank you Sprocket, Caligirl and KZ for a very interesting read. I'm so glad that we have intelligent people in the MJ family who can educate and enlighten us on these type of topics. It is very much appreciated.Kim B.https://www.blogger.com/profile/08488970954672228296noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-17429132629787539402011-01-09T09:28:34.506-08:002011-01-09T09:28:34.506-08:00For KZ and CG - would love to hear your speculatio...For KZ and CG - would love to hear your speculation on how the propofol and lidocaine might have gotten in MJ's stomach, other than perhaps lab mistake?Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-15293817037618930932011-01-09T08:54:03.503-08:002011-01-09T08:54:03.503-08:00Re. the Hydrocodone, is it possible you misheard o...Re. the Hydrocodone, is it possible you misheard only this is the first time we've heard of this being found in Michael's room. There is a skin cream used for vitiligo called Hydroquinone - could this be what you heard instead? They do sound very similar. Thanks.Lindanoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-18875310858101756672011-01-09T07:49:01.292-08:002011-01-09T07:49:01.292-08:00Don't blame the propofol-- blame the "doc...Don't blame the propofol-- blame the "doctor" who provided it. Propofol is an amazing drug that has revolutionized anesthesia and sedation. The problem is the drug in the WRONG hands-- not the drug itself. It's used safely millions of times a day in this country, and has revolutionized outpatient surgery, allowing us to do cases that were impossible before propofol. Unfortunately, it has also become a drug of abuse, and often the first and only sign of that abuse is death. Clinicians have been found dead in call rooms with propofol infusing, at their own hands. It's a real problem for our profession.<br />~KZKZnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-63119808553780321392011-01-09T03:05:21.486-08:002011-01-09T03:05:21.486-08:00Thank you KZ and Caligirl for your comments, it...Thank you KZ and Caligirl for your comments, it's great and very helpful to read your point of view.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-24942441394628677122011-01-08T22:35:07.654-08:002011-01-08T22:35:07.654-08:00My daughter had surgery a few months ago and I was...My daughter had surgery a few months ago and I was with her until they put her 'under'.. when the anasthesiologist brought out the propofol I freaked out! They had to assure me that it was a wonderful medicine if used in the right setting and that my child would be fine. They talked to me a little about this case and said even they were shocked and have never heard of anyone doing something like this before.. I was more scared about them using propofol on her then the whole surgery itself.. thanks Dr.Murray!Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-76216316039633469782011-01-08T22:34:43.287-08:002011-01-08T22:34:43.287-08:00Sprocket and CaliGirl,
Great job by both of you. ...Sprocket and CaliGirl,<br /><br />Great job by both of you. It's not easy covering a trial under the best of conditions. We appreciate your work.<br /><br />David In TNAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-27625132680170146222011-01-08T22:09:01.683-08:002011-01-08T22:09:01.683-08:00To Stephanie and Anne:
Thank you. Sprocket works ...To Stephanie and Anne:<br /><br />Thank you. Sprocket works very hard and tirelessly to do this, and we all appreciate your kind words offered without criticism.<br /><br />Isn't this whole thing sad because Michael Jackson had no one advocating for his good, for his benefit, for his health? So many people wanted a piece of him, he was a cash cow to everyone—the concert promoters, Dr. Murray, and even his parents and some siblings (not including his kids; they'd have loved their daddy if he'd lived in a modest house in the San Fernando Valley!). <br /><br />If only he'd thought logically about the dangers of what he was doing/asking others to do to him, and what the worst possible consequences were—and the worse ends up realized. If only his children had been a bit older and had been able to "stage" an intervention! I understand the Jackson family had done just that before, but perhaps he'd have listened to Prince and Paris and Prince II (I refuse to call the kid Blanket). Maybe MJ's insomnia would have been highly treatable by a sleep specialist? We will never know. <br />~CCaliGirl9https://www.blogger.com/profile/06639398512708841968noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-40222965398060729672011-01-08T21:57:42.155-08:002011-01-08T21:57:42.155-08:00KZ, I had forgotten about the old ephedrine trick;...KZ, I had forgotten about the old ephedrine trick; I do remember back in nursing school doing those stupid drug cards and that being a use, but the nursing instructor said there were better drugs to do those things. Hence, a dangerous old-timers' trick, like you wrote.<br /><br /> I agree that the worst this so-called physician, sworn first to "do no harm,"is facing only 4 years in prison at worst! Not because of the person whose life was lost (all living, breathing humans are equal, from you and me to even the biggest of celebrities), but because of the harm Dr. Murray has done to the medical profession and ethical, conscientious practitioners. I really think dispensing laws are pathetic and very misguided. My own spinal surgeon is afraid to treat me with more than 4 DS Vicodin a day when my facet pain is out of control and I am awaiting approval for multi-level neurotomies; when I had my most recent facet block, the spinal diagnostic center no longer could or would use propofol for sedation (I've had it too many times to count for minor surgical procedures). The procedure, a three-level bilateral rhizotomy, was hell, and I was kept on the table with Versed and fentanyl. I remember it all, not a minute of amnesia. Thank you Conrad Murray for taking a good drug out of safe doctors' and surgicenters' hands.<br /><br />Yet Conrad Murray was ordering potent benzodiazepines left and right, from his clinic in Nevada, and then shipping to California, delivering those drugs to a private apartment! No controls as to amounts, no state oversight board asking why he needed those drugs in those quantities when all he had was an office or two, NOT his own little cardiology suite. <br /><br />The laws need to be changed, but I do not trust lawmakers to do it. There needs to be input from pharmacy, physician and even BRN to help write a law that puts better control on dangerous drugs, and that puts some teeth into punishment for gross abuse or negligence. <br /><br />I'm also not a fan of civil suits, especially in the case of a family not needing any money whatsoever, but I sure favor a nice judgment against Dr, Murray someday, with perhaps the Jackson family donating any award to law enforcement or charity. Fat chance, but a girl can dream? ;)<br /><br />We will see what the coming week brings, I'll chat with you then!<br />~CCaliGirl9https://www.blogger.com/profile/06639398512708841968noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6757696342634699253.post-50805432157719750082011-01-08T21:44:44.500-08:002011-01-08T21:44:44.500-08:00Just keep doing what you are doing Sprocket.
Tha...Just keep doing what you are doing Sprocket. <br /><br />Thank you. <br /><br />AnneAnonymousnoreply@blogger.com